P-IBCLC BFHL-19

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P01 With respect to social interactions, neonates are _________ and respond _________.

Active / by eliciting and reinforcing a desired response from the caregiver.
Active / to caregiver cues but in an unfocused way.
Passive / only to their own internal needs.
Passive / only to their own internal needs and to strong caregiver cues.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P02 When an injection is to be given to an infant or toddler, the child’s crying typically is minimized if the mother:

Smiles encouragingly from a distance.
Leaves the room.
Gives the infant/child to the nurse to hold.
Maintains skin-to-skin contact with the infant/child.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P03 Which of the following sounds are most likely to calm an infant?

Low sounds.
Loud sounds.
High-pitched sounds.
Male voices.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P04 Which of the following are neonates most likely to look at?

Objects that are a few feet away.
Small objects close to their face.
Objects that have geometric patterns.
Objects in motion.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P05 Motor development in a child progresses from:

Control of large muscles to control of small ones.
Control of small muscles to control of large ones.
Feet and legs to arms and neck.
Trunk first, then legs, then arms.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P06 A study by Harlow and Harlow (1965) demonstrated that monkey infants—and likely also human infants—perceive their mother (or other principal caregiver) principally as a source of:

Companionship.
Reassurance through soft physical contact.
Food that relieves hunger.
Guidance in developing adult traits.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P07 As compared with formula-fed infants, after about 4 months of age breastfed infants weigh slightly:

Less but have more body fat.
Less and have less body fat.
Less in the United States but not elsewhere in the world.
More but appear leaner.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P08 As compared with initial birth weight and length, at 12 months of age a baby has:

Doubled both weight and length.
Doubled weight and increased length by half.
Tripled weight and doubled length.
Tripled weight and increased length by half.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P09 Which of the following should be added to the food intake of weaned infants fed a vegan diet?

Vitamin A.
Vitamin B12.
Vitamin K.
Vitamin C.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P10 An infant who ___________ has a fully developed, functional central nervous system.

Possesses suck, swallow, and gag reflexes.
Blinks his or her eyes when relaxed.
Has a strong startle reflex.
Moves steadily between alert, fussy, and sleep states.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P11 As compared with infants fed manufactured baby milk, breastfed infants have _______ dental caries, in part because ________.

Fewer / breastmilk contains a markedly lower concentration of sugar.
More / lactose breaks down to sucrose, which promotes dental caries.
More / breastfed infants feed more times in 24 hours than infants that are fed manufactured baby milks.
Fewer / during active breastfeeding, nipple pores rest further back than the gum ridge.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P12 As compared with infants fed manufactured baby milk, the immunization of breastfeeding infants:

Increases side effects such as fever.
Should be delayed until after weaning to ensure that the immunization “takes”.
Produces a more limited antibody response because of maternal antibodies in breastmilk.
May result in stronger immune responses.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P13 _________ recognize axillary odors of their mother.

Both breastfed infants and infants fed manufactured baby milk.
Neither breastfed infants nor infants fed manufactured baby milk.
Only infants fed manufactured baby milk.
Only breastfed infants.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P14 After solids are added to an infant’s diet, he or she will ______ water in addition, because _________.

Need / solid foods bring an additional osmolar load to the infant.
Need / to rinse any solid food clinging to the inside of his or her mouth to protect emerging teeth.
Not need / breastmilk or manufactured baby milk contain all the water that the infant needs.
Not need / the soft solid foods offered to a young infant contain considerable water.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P15 As compared with infants fed manufactured baby milk, breastfed infants usually sleep:

Shorter intervals, night and day.
Later into the morning.
Longer intervals during the day.
More in the late afternoon and early evening.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P16 Which of the following senses are well developed in term neonates?

Hearing, taste, smell.
Sight, hearing, smell.
Touch, sight, hearing.
Taste, sight, touch.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P17 The young infant can best react to or investigate their environment when he or she is in a __________ state, because ________.

Alert, inactive / he or she can be receptive to stimuli presented to him or her.
Drowsy / he or she does not become overstimulated.
Fussy / mild internal discomfort drives efforts to control his or her environment.
Quiet, awake / he or she can follow visual targets or sounds.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P18 When soft solids are added to a 4-month-old infant’s diet, his or her average total daily caloric intake _________ if he or she is _______.

Increases / breastfed.
Remains about the same / breastfed.
Decreases / breastfed.
Decreases / artificially fed.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P19 Healthy, young, exclusively breastfed infants have ________ iron concentrations, because ________.

Normal / breastmilk contains abundant iron in hindmilk.
Normal / the small amount of iron in breastmilk is highly bioavailable.
Normal / infant iron stores are boosted by iron released by breakdown of fetal blood cells.
Below normal / because breastmilk contains only a low concentration of iron.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P20 Which of the following is emphasized by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative?

Rooming-in of newborn with the mother.
Keeping the baby separate from the mother immediately after birth.
Breastfeeding within 24 hours of birth.
The importance of a bonding “critical period” in the immediate postpartum.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P21 The end of a particular feeding is more likely to be decided by the:

Mother and baby jointly, if the infant is breastfed.
Infant, if the baby is breastfed.
Infant, if the baby is bottle-fed.
Mother, if the baby is breastfed.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P22 As compared with bottle-fed infants, breastfed infants have a lower incidence of:

Overdevelopment of masseter and buccinator muscles.
Nutritive sucking.
Tongue thrusting.
Nasal breathing.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P23 A mother who weans an infant who still breastfeeds several times each day risks plugged ducts or mastitis. To avoid these consequences, the mother should:

Pump or hand-express just until breasts soften.
Pump or hand-express until milk stops flowing.
Hold the baby as little as possible, to avoid triggering milk letdowns.
Bind the breasts, as with a tight bra.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P24 Which of the following is a benefit of delaying introduction of solids until an infant is around 6 months old? The baby now has:

Sufficient IgA to prevent absorption of food antigens through the intestinal wall.
Enough digestive enzymes to metabolize all fats.
Enough digestive enzymes to completely metabolize starches and proteins.
A wide latitude in the order in which table foods can be introduced to him or her.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P25 Offering soft solids, such as cereals, to infants right before bedtime generally will:

Increase the time it takes the infant to fall asleep.
Not change the infant’s sleep pattern.
Markedly increase night waking.
Somewhat reduce night waking.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P26 Skin-to-skin care of an ill newborn benefits the infant principally because it helps to:

Increase his or her mother's milk supply.
Keep the infant’s body temperature stable.
Bond the mother and infant to each other.
Keeps the infant’s nares colonized with the mother’s benign skin bacteria.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P27 As compared with infants fed manufactured baby milk, studies show that infants fed human milk—even in the absence of maternal contact—score ______ on IQ tests.

Several points higher.
About the same.
Higher in developing countries but about the same in industrialized ones.
Higher in developing countries but lower in industrialized ones.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P28 Which of the following is a developmental cue for adding solid foods to a baby’s diet?

Strengthening of the tongue-extrusion reflex.
Feeding more frequently.
Smaller intake of milk than babies fed manufactured baby milk.
The ability to sit and to grasp small items.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P29 The World Health Organization and other public health organizations recommend delaying complete weaning from the breast until the baby:

Is well into his or her second year.
Is about 9 months old.
Has erupted both upper and lower incisors.
Has trebled his or her birth weight.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P30 As compared with infants fed manufactured baby milk, breastfed infants are _________ likely to become obese, because ________.

More / breastmilk has a higher content of lipids.
Less / a factor in breastmilk alters the genes responsible for a tendency to obesity.
More / because breastmilk is sweet babies learn to seek sweet foods.
Less / breastfed infants are more apt to learn to regulate their intake according to their own caloric needs.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P31 The American Academy of Pediatrics routinely recommends supplementation of breastfed infants with vitamin:

C.
A.
E.
D.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P32 Which of the following promotes vitamin D deficiency in infants?

Providing infant formula.
Low infant vitamin C stores at birth.
High maternal stores of vitamin D during lactation.
Normal vitamin D content of breastmilk.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P33 In a malnourished infant, ___________ is the last index of growth to be reduced.

Chest circumference.
Weight.
Length of torso.
Head circumference.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P34 In the first hour or so after an uncomplicated birth, a neonate is most likely to be:

Drowsy and seeking a comfortable position in which to doze.
Alert and seeking interaction with the mother.
Fussy or upset as he or she transitions into a new world.
Quiet but receptive to attempts of parents to interact with him or her.

P-IBCLC BFHL-19-P35 With respect to a breastfed child, complete weaning that is delayed until the child is about 2½ years old is:

Most likely a sign of a needy or controlling mother.
Unnecessary to the well-being of the infant.
Considerably longer than the usual age at which infants usually wean themselves.
The minimum age of weaning among other primates.

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P-IBCLC BFHL-19

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